9th Grade Words for Langhorne, PA, USA

Words for 9th Grade students of Neshaminy School District.

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Animal Farm by George Orwell

9th Grade Vocabulary List

9th Grade Words for Neshaminy School District

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Vocabulary/Definition Spelling Quiz Printable Worksheet

abatement
n. the act of abating

abdicate
v. give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

abstract
a. theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand

acumen
n. mental keenness; quickness of perception

adherent
n. one who strongly supports something; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

adjunct
n. something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

aesthetic
a. elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste

aggrandize
v. increase scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

allegory
n. symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

allusion
n. indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

ameliorate
v. make or become better; improve; grow better

amenable
a. responsive to advice or suggestion; responsible to higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

amoral
a. lacking moral sensibility; not caring about right and wrong.

amorous
a. moved by sexual love; loving

ancillary
a. serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

antipathy
n. strong feeling of aversion; dislike

antiquated
a. too old to be fashionable, suitable, or useful; obsolete; aged

antiquity
n. ancient times, especially the times preceding the Middle Ages; extreme oldness

antithesis
n. a contrast or opposition between two things; direct contrast

aperture
n. opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

approbation
n. expression of warm approval; praise

arcane
a. secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

ardor
n. intense feeling of love; feelings of great warmth and intensity

ascendancy
n. superiority or decisive advantage; domination

ascertain
v. find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of

assiduous
a. constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

assimilation
n. the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure

attenuate
v. make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen density of

audacious
a. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

audit
v. make an official examination of the accounts of a business and produce a report

augment
v. make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

auxiliary
a. giving help or support, especially to a more important person or thing

avarice
n. greediness for wealth; insatiable desire of gain

aversion
n. firm dislike; turning away; avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because of dislike

avouch
v. admit openly and bluntly; make no bones about

belabor
v. discuss repeatedly; attack verbally; work hard upon

bemuse
v. cause to be confused emotionally

benefactor
n. gift giver; person who gives people or institutions with financial help

beseech
v. beg; plead with; ask for or request earnestly

betoken
v. signify; indicate; be a visible sign of; give evidence of

blanch
v. cause to turn white or become pale; take color from; bleach

blatant
a. flagrant; conspicuously obvious; loudly offensive

boorish
a. rude and clumsy in behavior; ungentlemanly; awkward in manners

brigand
n. an armed thief who is (usually) a member of a band

buffet
n. table with food set out for people to serve themselves

buffoon
n. one who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures; droll; mimic; clown

bulwark
n. earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends

bursar
n. treasurer or keeper of funds; purser or treasurer of college or other community

buttress
v. support physically; prop up; support something or someone by supplying evidence

cajole
v. influence or urge by gentle urging or flattering

calamitous
a. (of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

carnal
a. fleshly; of or relating to body or flesh; bodily

carouse
n. revelry in drinking; a merry drinking party

carp
n. the lean flesh of a fish that is often farmed; can be baked or braised

castigate
v. criticize severely; punish; revise or make corrections to publication

cavalier
a. offhand or casual; given to haughty disregard of others

cavort
v. play boisterously

certitude
n. state of being certain; complete assurance; confidence

cessation
n. bringing or coming to end; ceasing

champion
n. a person who has defeated all rivals in a competition

chasten
v. rid of excess; refine or purify; correct by punishment or reproof

chastise
v. punish, as by beating; criticize severely; rebuke

cherubic
a. angelic; innocent-looking; like a baby; infantile

churlish
a. difficult to work with; rude; unyielding; unmanageable

circumscribe
v. limit narrowly; confine; draw a line around; encircle

citadel
n. fortress; fortified place which people could go for shelter during battle

clandestine
a. secret; conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods

Coalesce
v. fuse or cause to grow together

cognition
n. the process of knowing

collateral
n. security pledged for repayment of loan

commodious
a. spacious and comfortable; fit; proper; convenient

compatriot
n. person from one's own country; colleague; somebody from one's own country; a fellow-countryman

compensate
v. make amends for; reimburse

complacent
a. contented to a fault with oneself or one's actions

compunction
n. feeling of deep regret; strong uneasiness caused by a sense of guilt

concede
v. admit; yield; give up physical control of another

conceptualize
v. have the idea for

concur
v. be in accord; be in agreement

conduit
n. pipe or channel for conveying fluids; tube for enclosing electric wires or cable

congenial
a. pleasant or agreeable because suited to one's taste; compatible

conjecture
v. guess, based on the appearance of a situation and not on proof

Conjugal
a. of or relating to marriage or to the relationship between a wife and husband

constrained
a. lacking spontaneity; not natural

constraint
n. something that restricts or confines within prescribed bounds

consummate
a. carried to the utmost extent or degree; of the highest quality; complete; perfect

contentious
a. quarrelsome; disagreeable; marked by heated arguments or controversy

conundrum
n. riddle; difficult problem; dilemma

convene
v. cause to come together formally

conventional
a. based upon tradition rules; formed by agreement or compact

corrugate
v. fold into ridges

credence
n. credit; faith

credulous
a. apt to believe on slight evidence; easily imposed upon; unsuspecting; believed too readily

culpable
a. deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious

cumulative
a. increasing by successive addition

cynic
n. a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest rather than acting for honorable or unselfish reasons

daunt
v. frighten; abate the courage of; discourage

debutante
n. young woman making formal entrance into society

decapitate
v. behead; cut off the head of

deferential
a. showing deference; respectful and considerate

deflation
n. a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices; the act of letting the air out of something

demystify
v. clarify; free from mystery or obscurity

deplore
v. feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; express sorrow or grief over; regret

deploy
v. position troops in readiness for combat, as along a front or line; put into use or action

deride
v. ridicule; make fun of; laugh at with contempt

destitute
a. extremely poor; utterly lacking; devoid

diffract	$diffract in sentences$
v. undergo diffraction

diligent
a. assiduous; industrious; hard working

dirge
n. a piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; funeral hymn

disbar
v. remove from the bar; expel from the practice of law by official action

disconcerting
a. causing an emotional disturbance

dishearten
v. discourage; cause to lose courage or hope

disinclined
a. not inclined; having a disinclination; being unwilling

disinterment
n. the act of digging something out of the ground (especially a corpse) where it has been buried

disoblige
v. ignore someone's wishes

dispassionate
a. calm; impartial; unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice

dissemble
v. disguise or conceal behind a false appearance; make a false show of

disseminate
v. distribute; spread; scatter like seeds

Dissension
n. a conflict of people's opinions or actions or characters

dissuade
v. persuade not to do; discourage

divisive
a. having a quality that divides, separates, or creates contention and discord

dogmatic
a. stubbornly adhering to insufficiently proven beliefs; inflexible, rigid

dowry
n. money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage

dross
n. waste or impure matter; worthless, commonplace, or trivial matter

dubious
a. questionable; filled with doubt

edifice
n. building, especially one of imposing appearance or size; a structure that has a roof and walls

efface
v. rub or wipe out; make indistinct as if by rubbing

efficacious
a. successful in producing desired or intended result;

effigy
n. crude figure or dummy representing a hated person or group; likeness or image, especially of a person

elucidate
v. make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify

encipher
v. encode; convert plain message into code

enervate
v. weaken or destroy strength or vitality of; remove a nerve or part of a nerve

engender
v. cause; bring into existence; give rise to

enigmatic
a. obscure; puzzling; not easily explained or accounted for

ensconce
v. settle oneself securely or comfortably; place or conceal in secure place

epigram
n. witty thought or saying, usually short; short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation

epigraph
n. a quotation at the beginning of some piece of writing

epithet
n. word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing

erudite
a. learned; scholarly, with emphasis on knowledge gained from books

erudition
n. profound scholarly knowledge

euphony
n. any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds

euthanasia
n. practice of ending life of hopelessly ill individuals; assisted suicide

evince
v. show or demonstrate clearly; overcome; conquer

evoke
v. bring out; arouse; call forth

exhort
v. urge on or encourage, especially by shouts; make urgent appeal

expatriate
n. someone who has withdrawn from his native land

expound
v. explain or describe in detail

expunge
v. cancel; remove; erase or strike out

extradite
v. hand over to the authorities of another country

extraneous
a. not essential; coming from outside

facilitate
v. help bring about; make less difficult

facility
n. service, space, and equipment provided for a particular purpose

fastidious
a. difficult to please; having complicated requirements; excessively particular demanding about details

felicitous
a. apt; suitably expressed; well chosen

felicity
n. great happiness; pleasing and appropriate manner or style

filch
v. steal, especially in a small, sly way; take from another on a petty scale, as by violation of trust

flaccid
a. acting in strength, firmness, or resilience

flagrant
a. obvious and offensive, blatant, scandalous; flaming into notice

flamboyant
a. elaborately or excessively ornamented

flounder
v. move or act clumsily and in confusion

flout
v. reject; mock; express contempt for rules by word or action; behave with contempt

forswear
v. renounce or deny something, especially under oath; swear falsely, usually under pressure

foster
v. rear; promote the growth of; help develop

founder
v. fail completely; sink below the surface of the water

frenetic
a. excessively agitated; transported with rage or other violent emotion

furtive
a. marked by quiet and caution and secrecy

fusion
n. union; act of melting together by heat

garish
a. over-bright in color; tastelessly showy

garner
v. gather; store up; amass; acquire

garrulous
a. talking much and repetition of unimportant or trivial details

gratis
a. free, without charge; costing nothing

gratuity
n. something given freely or without recompense; free gift; a present

gregarious
a. sociable; seeking and enjoying the company of others

grievous
a. causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful

gross
a. of huge size; excessively large; coarse; rough; not fine or delicate

guile
n. skillful deceit; disposition to deceive or cheat; disguise cunningly

haggle
v. argue about prices; bargain, as over the price of something

hallow
v. make holy; set apart for holy or religious use; consecrate; treat or keep as sacred

headstrong
a. stubbornly and often recklessly willful; unyielding

heathen
n. irreligious person; pagan ; one who does not acknowledge the God of the Bible

hemorrhage
n. the flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel

herald
n. proclaim; announces important news; messenger

hiatus
n. gap; interruption in duration or continuity; pause

hoary
a. gray or white with or as if with age; covered with grayish hair

hyperbole
n. figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis; overstatement

illimitable
a. without limits in extent, size, or quantity

impassioned
a. actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited

impeach
v. make an accusation against; challenge or discredit the credibility of

impecunious
a. without money; poor; penniless

implacable
a. incapable of being pacified; not to be relieved;

implicit
a. implied or understood though not directly expressed

importune
v. beg persistently; ask for urgently or repeatedly; annoy

imposing
a. adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; impressive in appearance

impromptu
a. without previous preparation

improvident
a. thriftless; not providing for future; incautious

incarcerate
v. imprison; put into jail; shut up or enclose

incognito
a. with one's identity disguised or concealed; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title

incoherent
a. lacking cohesion, connection, or harmony; unable to think in clear manner

inconsequential
a. insignificant; lacking importance; not following from premises or evidence; illogical

indecorous
a. not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

indict
v. charge; accuse formally of a crime

indignant
a. affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath by unworthy or unjust treatment

inebriated
a. under the influence of alcohol; intoxicated; drunk

inept
a. lacking of judgment, sense, or reason; unsuited; inappropriate; foolish

inevitable
a. unavoidable; incapable of being avoided or prevented

infallible
a. incapable of failure or error

infamy
n. evil fame or public reputation

ingratiate
v. become popular with; make agreeable or acceptable

inhibit
v. restrain; prevent or forbid; hold back

insatiable
a. not easily satisfied; impossible to satiate or satisfy; greedy

inscrutable
a. impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious

insipid
a. lacking flavor or zest; not tasty; dull

insolent
a. strange; unusual; haughty or brutal in behavior or language; grossly rude or disrespectful

insoluble
a. admitting of no solution or explanation

insubstantial
a. lacking substance or reality; insignificant; frail; not firm or solid

intimation
n. an indirect suggestion

intransigent
a. impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason

introspective
a. looking within oneself; thoughtful about oneself; studying or exhibiting one's own internal state

invective
n. abusive language used to express blame or ill will

invincible
a. incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable

irascible
a. irritable; easily angered; excited by or arising from anger

jaded
a. fatigued dulled by surfeit; exhausted; worn out; wearied

jollity
n. gayness; splendor; cheerfulness or celebration

juncture
n. point in time, especially a critical point; joining point

juxtapose
v. place side by side

juxtaposition
n. act of positioning close together; side-by-side position

knave
n. untrustworthy person; deceitful and unreliable scoundrel; man of humble birth; male servant

knell
n. the sound of a bell knelling; a toll

lament
v. grieve; express sorrow; regret deeply

lamentation
n. the passionate and demonstrative activity of expressing grief

lethargy
n. inactivity; showing an unusual lack of energy

licentious
a. amoral; unrestrained; lacking moral discipline or ignoring legal restraint

lien
n. a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses

lionize
v. look on or treat a person as celebrity; visit famous places in order to revere them

lissome
a. moving and bending with ease

lithe
a. flexible; moving and bending with ease

livid
a. lead-colored; black and blue; discolored, as from a bruise; extremely angry

loathe
v. dislike greatly; hate; cause to dislike or avoid

luminary
n. celebrity; person who is an inspiration to others; person who has achieved eminence in specific field

luminous
a. shining; emitting light, especially emitting self-generated light

maelstrom
n. whirlpool; powerful circular current of water

malady
n. disease, disorder, or ailment; unwholesome condition

malefactor
n. criminal; one who does evil or injury to another

malinger
v. avoid responsibilities and duties, e.g., by pretending to be ill

mannered
a. artificial or affected; not natural; having or showing a certain manner

mar
v. spoil or damage; impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of

marred
a. damaged or disfigured by injury or rough wear

masquerade
n. assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation, or other diversions; dramatic performance by actors in masks

maudlin
a. tearfully sentimental; over-emotional; sickly-sentimental

melancholy
a. gloomy; feeling of thoughtful sadness; affected by depression

mirth
n. gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter

misanthrope
n. one who hates or mistrusts mankind

missive
n. letter; written message; messenger

mitigate
v. make less severe or harsh; moderate

mnemonic
a. assisting, or intended to assist the memory

naive
a. too willing to believe that someone is telling the truth, lacking worldly experience

natal
a. of one's birth; accompanying or dating from one's birth; native

nebulous
a. lacking definite form or limits; hazy; cloudy

nemesis
n. someone seeking revenge; source of harm or ruin; opponent that cannot be beaten or overcome

neutrality
n. a neutral position, especially in a war

neutralize
v. make neutral and thus inoffensive

nicety
n. precision; subtle difference in meaning, opinion, or attitude

nomenclature
n. terminology; system of names used in an art or science

nondescript
a. dull and uninteresting; lacking distinct or individual

oblivious
a. inattentive or unmindful; lacking all memory; forgetful

obscure
v. darken; make dim or indistinct; conceal in obscurity

obscurity
n. quality or state of being obscure; darkness; privacy; inconspicuousness

obviate
v. bypass requirement or make it unnecessary; get rid of

odious
a. hateful; arousing strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure

ominous
a. threatening; foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

oracle
n. answer of god; communications, revelations, or messages delivered by god to the prophets

palatial
a. of nature of palace, as in spaciousness or ornateness

palette
n. board on which painter mixes pigments

pallid
a. abnormally pale; lacking intensity of color or luminousness

parch
v. burn surface of; roast over fire, as dry grain; dry to extremity

pare
v. remove outer covering or skin of with knife or similar instrument

parochial
a. narrow in outlook; related to local church community

parry
v. avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing

partisan
a. one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party

pathogenic
a. able to cause disease; producing disease

pedant
n. one who is overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning

pediment
n. a triangular gable between a horizontal entablature and a sloping roof

pejorative
a. tending to make or become worse; disparaging or belittling

pensive
a. deeply, often dreamily thoughtful; engaged in serious thought or reflection; contemplative

perfunctory
a. done routinely and with little interest or care; acting with indifference; showing little interest or care

personification
n. representing an abstract quality or idea as a person or creature

pervert
v. cause to turn away from what is right, proper, or good; corrupt; bring to a bad or worse condition

phalanx
n. compact or close knit group of people, animals, or things

pique
n. sudden outburst of anger; state of vexation caused by a perceived slight or indignity

pneumatic
a. of or relating to or using air (or a similar gas)

politic
a. expedient; artful, crafty or cunning; using, displaying, or proceeding from policy

portent
n. omen; forewarning; something that portends an event about to occur, especially unfortunate or evil event

possible
a. able to be done

potentate
n. monarch; ruler who is unconstrained by law

premeditate
v. plan, arrange, or plot in advance; deliberate upon future action

progressive
a. forward-looking; advancing; incremental

pungent
a. stinging; sharp in taste or smell; caustic

puritanical
a. exaggeratedly proper

query
n. inquiry; doubt in the mind; mental reservation

quiver
v. shake with slight, rapid, tremulous movement

ramification
n. act or process of branching out or dividing into branches; subdivision or branch

rancor
n. bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will; hatred

rancorous
a. full of deep-seated enmity or, malice, or hatred

ravenous
a. extremely hungry; voracious; eager for prey

recapitulate
v. summarize; repeat in concise form

reclusive
a. avoiding the company of other people; solitary

rectify
v. set right; correct by calculation or adjustment

redundant
a. exceeding what is necessary or natural; repetitious; excessively wordy

refract	$refract in sentences$
v. deflect sound or light from straight path ; alter by viewing through medium

refuge
n. a condition of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or trouble

rehabilitate
v. restore to proper condition; help to re-adapt, as to former state of health or good repute

rejuvenate
v. make young again; restore to youthful vigor or appearance

remediable
a. capable of being remedied or cured; set straight or right

remuneration
n. something that remunerates

renown
n. fame; quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

repast
n. food eaten or provided at a meal; feast; banquet

replete
a. filled to brim or to point of being stuffed; abundantly supplied

repression
n. a state of forcible subjugation

reprove
v. voice or convey disapproval of; rebuke; find fault with

repudiate
v. disown; refuse to acknowledge; reject validity or authority of

repulse
v. force or drive back; drive back; refuse; disgust

requite
v. repay; revenge; make repayment for or return something

resilient
a. elastic; having power of springing back or recover readily

resonant
a. echoing; strong and deep in tone; resounding; having lasting presence or effect

resonate
v. To have an effect or impact; to influence; to engender support

restitution
n. reparation; getting something back again; restoring something to its original state

retort
n. reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner

retroactive
a. extending in scope or effect to a prior time or to prior conditions

revile
v. attack with abusive language; vilify

revitalize
v. to give new life or energy, usually after a period of inactivity

rhapsody
n. an epic poem adapted for recitation

robust
a. vigorous; full of health and strength; vigorous

rotund
a. (of sounds) full and rich

sallow
a. unhealthy looking

sanction
v. give authorization or approval to something; penalize a state, especially for violating international law

sanctuary
n. place of refuge or asylum; shrine; holy place, such as a church, temple, or mosque

sanguine
a. cheerfully confident; optimistic; of healthy reddish color; ruddy

scale
n. a balance or any of various other instruments or devices for weighing

scathing
n. the act of damaging something or someone

scenario
n. screenplay; outline or model of an expected sequence of events

scrupulous
a. exactly and carefully conducted; by extreme care and great effort; cautious

sedition
n. resistance to authority; insubordination or rebellion

sensual
a. physical rather than spiritual or intellectual; affecting any of senses or sense organ; sensory

sequel
n. a part added to a book or play that continues and extends it

servile
a. slavish; suitable to slave or servant; relating to servitude or forced labor

soluble
a. able to be dissolved; able to be explained

sordid
a. filthy; unethical or dishonest; dirty; foul; morally degraded

stagnant
a. not moving or flowing; lacking vitality or briskness; stale; dull

stasis
n. condition of balance among various forces; inactivity resulting from static balance

stipend
n. fixed and regular payment, such as salary for services or allowance.

strident
a. loud and harsh; insistent; high-pitched; rough-sounding

stringent
a. demanding strict attention to rules and procedures; binding; rigid

stultify
v. cause to appear or become stupid or inconsistent; frustrate or hinder

sublime
a. of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth; characterized by nobility; majestic

submissive
a. yielding; inclined or ready to submit

subterfuge
n. pretense; something intended to misrepresent

superfluous
a. being beyond what is required or sufficient

surfeit
v. eat until excessively full; be more than full; feed someone to excess

tenuous
a. long and thin; slender; having little substance

tinge
n. degree, usually a slight degree, of some color, taste

torpor
n. state of mental or physical inactivity or insensibility; sluggishness; dormancy

transmute
v. change from one form, nature, substance, or state into another; transform

truant
n. wandering from business or duty; one who is absent without permission, especially from school

undulating
a. moving with wavelike motion

vacillate
v. sway unsteadily from one side to the other; oscillate

vagrant
n. person without home or job; bird found outside its species' usual range

vestige
n. trace; remains; indication that something has been happened

vindicate
v. clear from blame; exonerate; maintain, uphold, or defend

vindication
n. act of vindicating, or state of being vindicated; defense; evidence or statements that justify a claim or belief

vindictive
a. seek revenge or intended for revenge; showing malicious will

viscous
a. sticky; gluey; having high resistance to flow

vivacious
a. animated; lively; vigorous and active

volition
n. act of making conscious choice; power or faculty of choosing

vulnerable
a. susceptible to wounds; capable of being wounded or hurt

winsome
a. agreeable; gracious; charming, often in childlike or naive way

wizened
a. lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

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Neshaminy School District - Langhorne, PA, USA
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